Results & Discussion
Qualitative Analysis
The retention time of the standard and sample solution was used for qualitative analysis. It was found that the retention time of the standard was 4.565 minutes. As for sample 1 to 10 (picture above), the retention time falls between 4.413 and 4.686 minutes. The spectrum of the samples is also similar to the spectrum of the standard.
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Quantitative Analysis
The concentration of the samples was read off directly from the instrument and organised in table 1. Table 1 shows concentration of PPD in the samples of the respective salons. It tells us that PPD is found in all black henna samples and the concentration ranges between 0.38% and 29.5%. However, there were no signs or low levels of PPD detected for the red henna samples. The concentration of PPD in the red henna samples ranges between 0.005% and 0.23& which is very low. Therefore, HPLC is useful in determining PPD in samples qualitatively and quantitatively. In comparison, the black henna has higher concentration of PPD than red henna. This is proven by the dark colour which indicates the presence of high concentration of PPD.
The concentration of the samples was read off directly from the instrument and organised in table 1. Table 1 shows concentration of PPD in the samples of the respective salons. It tells us that PPD is found in all black henna samples and the concentration ranges between 0.38% and 29.5%. However, there were no signs or low levels of PPD detected for the red henna samples. The concentration of PPD in the red henna samples ranges between 0.005% and 0.23& which is very low. Therefore, HPLC is useful in determining PPD in samples qualitatively and quantitatively. In comparison, the black henna has higher concentration of PPD than red henna. This is proven by the dark colour which indicates the presence of high concentration of PPD.
Conclusion
In conclusion, the black henna samples bought from the respective henna salons contain high concentration of PPD and thus, increases the risk of becoming sensitive to black henna. The concentration of PPD in some of the samples are higher than the permitted concentration of PPD in hair dye products. This is also supported by hospitals which state that the use of PPD in black henna results in adverse health effects on the health of humans. Therefore, PPD should NOT be used in henna or hair dye to prevent detrimental health effects.
